Total Ankle Arthroplasty has been introduced relatively late in the modern era in comparison to hip and knee replacement. it suffered from poor outcomes initially leading to abandonment of the procedure in favour of ankle arthrodesis. The reasons for failure have been debated in the literature.

Ankle fractures are common representing up to 10% of all fractures with an incidence that is rising. Both conservative treatment and operative management of ankle fractures can lead to excellent outcomes. Operative management of ankle fractures is not without its complications with wound breakdown, infections and loss of reduction being the most common.

The main objective of this study was to evaluatethe effectiveness of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seededpolyethylene-oxide-terephthalate/polybutylene-terephthalate(PEOT/PBT) scaffold for cartilage tissue repair in anosteochondral defect using a rabbit model.

Despite the fact that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) offerclinical potential for osteoarthritis applications, retaining sufficientnumbers of functional MSC at the site of injury for optimal repair stillcontinues to be a major challenge.